Iintsuku ezininzi ze-Europe zakhelwe ngokulandelayo ukusebenza kwezolo (Ireland, Austria, iKumkaniyo yeNgereza, neGermany)

KwiMatshi kunye neNkanga 2025, iindlela ezininzi ze-Erope zakhuselelwe imigomo yesikhuthazo kwindawo yamagama aphumeleyo asekhaya. Imigomo e Ireland kwaye Germany idli isiqhelo sasekugcineni, ngelixa Austria kunye ne UK wabelwe imithombo yokwenza abantu basebenzisa iingceke zokugcinwa kwezulu (PV) kwaye wuthuse ukuphuhliso kwezixabiso sokudlulwa.

Ireland: Ukhaya Umhlaba wamagciwane Ukucoca kabini Solar Imithombo yokugcinwa

Ummandla wokudlulwa okuyilwileyo e-Ireland (SEAI) uqhuba nokunika imithombo abasebenzi ngemva komgceni we-PV ngokusebenzisa i-Microgeneration Support Scheme. Abathengi benqanqatha (nabaphandi bekhaya) omeni khona kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ngaphambi ko-December 31, 2020, kwaye aba naye bangekho tholiwe ngaphambili ngokudlulwa kwezinye iindlela zokudlulwa kwelektrisiti, kubangelwa yinto enikwe imithombo. Inani lomthombo ligcinwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokongeza kwesistimu: €700 nganye I-kWp kwindawo zibe ngu-2 kWp, kunye ne-€200 nganye I-kWp kanye nezinye I-kWp ezingaphezulu kuka-2 kWp, anamaximum angu- €1, 800 (kuyo lwandlela we-4 kWp). Isicelo sasemaphakamini sinxibele ukuba umthombo ongeneleliyo uzokhanyiswa ku- i-€1,800 ekuthiwa kwi-2025 kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba kuphantsi ngokwelinye (ngamaxabiso angama-€300 ngonyaka), nge incamelo ibalweyo ukuqala kwi-2029. Kamva ikhankatha, abasebenzisa kufuneka dibanise ukuseta kwaye balungise ingxelo yekugcinwe ngu-8 iinyanga ukuqinisekisa ukwabelana.

Iindlela Eziphambili:

1. Iinkwenkwezi Eziphambelana Nayo

iindlela kufuneka ziyingo zokudwelisa evelwe neziphathelene ngamanye akuba yile 2021.

iindlela zokusebenza okanye iziko ezingenasipho (umzekelo, iziko zomb public, iklabu zabandelela) zineziko lokuthumela isicelo.

2. Imali Yomkeli

• 0-2 kWp: €700/kWp

• 2-4 kWp: egele €200 nganye kwaye kuyo nganye kwiphumo le-1 kWp

• Iimkeli ziyahluka ngokwindawo yekhowudi (kWp) ye-PV.

• Imali ephakamileyo yokumkela ngu-€1, 800 (ngonyaka we-2025).

• Imali yokumkela itshona nge-€300 ngonyaka, kucetyiswa ukuba iyuphumelela ngo-2029.

Austria: €60 Million Umhlaba wamagciwane PV Ukusiza Umculo

I-Energy Agency ye-Austria OeMAG yacacisa inqaku yayo ye-2025 yokwendela i-PV ezingeni, enobuninzi be €60 million

(kwiBhajethi ye-Renewable Energy Expansion Act). Iindleko zokugcinwa ngokubangela ubukhulu besistimu: €160/kW yemise kumanzi 10kW (ibhajethi ephambili €5 million); €150/kW yemise 10–20kW (kwaye ibhajethi efanayo €5 million); €140/kW yemise 20–100kW (ibhajethi €15 million); kunye ne-€130/kW yemise enkulu kune 100kW (ibhajethi €15 million). Iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokugcinwa kwamanzi zasebenza, ngekuphawu kwiindawo zokugcinwa kwi-€150/kWh. Ikhompi yokuqala yaqalisa ukuze iyilungisele kwi-Apreli 24 kwaye iyaqhubeka kwi-Meyi 8. Amava amabini wokungenisa izicelo eziqinileyo zayizisa inkxaso ye-"Made in Europe": iroli yesibini iyaqinisa ukuba ngu-20% yendawo yokusebenzisa iikomponenti ezakhiweyo kwi-EU, ngebhajethi elipheleleyo le-€12 million, kunye ne-€8 million ezekelweni lokugcinwa kwiNkanga kwegologa kwi-Oktoba.

Iindlela Eziphambili:

1. Imigqa Yesibonisi

≤10 kW: €160/kW (imileni yemali e5)

10-20 kW: €150/kW (imileni yemali e5)

20-100 kW: €140/kW (imileni yemali e15)

100 kW: €130/kW (imileni yemali e15)

imithambo yokugcinwa kweNkolo: €150/kWh

2. Isicathamiyo Sokuthumela

iqembu lokuqala lwamanqaku lizohlelwa nge 8 Mei 2025, ukweletywa kwezibini eziqwalathe ngokubili (€40 million).

iqembu lesibini (2025) uzokhutshelwa "Made in Europe" yonke: izicathami ezisebenzisa iingxenye zase-Europe zofumana ulwandlelo olukulu ngama-20% kwemvume.

iqembu lesithathu lizobegin nge Oktoba 2025, nobudjeti obusekwileyo bengama- €8 iyikhulu.

I-UK: Amakhobye amaninzi ukuthutha kwamandla ekugcineni kwezilithi ezingaphantsi kwe-Solar ngonyaka we-2025

Umvume wase-UK uyasesekela ukufaka iisolar panels eentloko ngokusebenzisa iimfuno ezininzi. I Inkampani ye-ECO4 (2022–2026), ithetha kwiindlela engeyona nto zempilo kunye neendlini ezithabileyo, inikeza amagrant engqesho yokulemelana nokusebenza kwezimoto, kangangoko ukufakwa kwezinto zesolar panel. Imvelaphi yokuqala i Inkampani ye-Warm Homes , ekhohliweyo ukuba yasebenze ngedlulwana le-April 2025, izakunika umthumo wokufaka iisolar panel abantu abasekhaya esemgceni, abanye nabalinge ngokwenene, kunye nabathengi. UK iqhubeka nokusebenzisa i iindlela zokuthumela kwama-VAT zenkulungelo kukufakwa kwezisolar panel kunye neqonga lokugcinwa kwezinyukelo kwiindlela zokuhlala (izakhiwa ukuba sebenza kwi-April 2022, ukuya kuye kwi-2027). Ngapandle koko, abakheli beentloko zesi-PV bangathengisa iinyukelo ezingezantsi kwiimephu zokutshintsha ngokusebenzisa i Inkampani ye-Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) , ukuwothola imali ngokuthenga kwezinyukelo.

Izimfanelo Esebenzayo:

1. Inkxaso YeNkqubo

0% VAT: Iingceke zokunyela nezixhobo zokugcinwa kwezixhobo zikhethekileyo, zikura imali ezingama-£2, 850 yisistimu ya-4kW.

ukugcina kwekhombisi le-Smart Export (SEG): Intlawulo yokugqibela ngonyaka ngekuba uyithumela kwiindlela ezininzi i-£80-£170.

2. Izigqibo Eziyinkimbane

incambo ye-ECO4 (kwaye kutsho Mashi 2026): Iindlela zokunyanga iisolar panel kwiindlini ezinemali encinci.

incambo yezimoto elihlaza (iyovulela nge-Apreli 2025): Iijanyelwano lokufaka kwindawo yabantu abasebenzisa indlu, abasebenzi nabantengi.

incambo yezimoto elihlaza yesiNest: Inkqubo efutshaneyo ekhuthazwa ngayo ukuchulelwa kwezimoto zokusebenza kwendlu (kuxandekileyo isolar).

3. Imihe Yokudala

ukulungisa imirhlanjeni yokufaka ngokusebenzisa amavummo ukuze kulayiswe ukuthuthwa kwezindleko zokuvuleka.

Germany: Umhlaba wamagciwane Solar Ukubhaza Ivelwe ngokutsha

Ummandla wokusebenza kwegereyimende yeFederal (BNetzA) ivele isixa esisha seentando zokufaka amapipi aphakathi, enobungakanani obuphakathi be-263. 236 MW. Ngokwaleyo leyo Rhoqo Lokuquka Kwamanziyo Ekuhliseni, iiprojekthi eziphawuleyo kufuneka zenze ubukhulu obukudinga kwaye bube ngu-1 MW okanye phezulu. Le nto iyasebenzisa iformathu ye "namba yemvume", inanikwa ukuba inani eliphezulu lomlingo uyavumela ngu-€0. 104/kWh. Iindlela zokusebenza kwamanziyo ezilula (Solarpaket) zikhangelwa ngokuqinisekiswa kwi-parlement. Ngenxa yokuba iindlela zokusebenza ziphumelelwa ngokugqitywe, kuthiwa umthengi wamapipi aphakathi waGermany uya kujonga ukunyuka kakhulu.

Iindlela Eziphambili:

1. Ivolumu Lethenderi

ukutholakalwa kweqembu lokuqala kulo ndawo ngu-282.7 MW. Ukuba i-bill ye-"Solar Package I" iyavunyelwa yi-EU, iindleko zobude beqembu ngo-2025 uzokhula ukuya kwi-1.8 GW (ngaphandle kwe-1.1 GW)

ukuba akuvunyelwanga yi-EU, ivolumu ye-tender ngonyaka iya kuhlala ngu-282.7 MW.

2. IiDatha Zokusebenza

umkhawulo osenzeleyo wokuba ngu-1001 kW (kungcwecwe ukuba ngu-751 kW, kuyila kuvunyelwa yi-EU).

ixabiso lokhu kwegolide lekthrisithi li-€0.104/kWh.

3. Umthamo Wokuphela

izishwankelo kufuneka zicomelwe ngu-2 Juni 2025 (ngokwendulo ngu-1 Juni, yenziwe futhi kuba yonto yaseSonto).

i-tender yangaphambili yakhetha imisebenzi engu-143 (ivolumu ephindwe ngu-317 MW).

Ntloko yeMali:

•Umthwalo ocula ukuthuthukisa ukunyuselwa kwePV yasekhaya kunye nesikolo, kodwa kufuneka ungenelelwe ngemigwalana yeEU.

Ingciko

Ngonyaka we2025, iindlela ezininzi ezeniMpuma ngeliBhontsha liyawaleka ukusebenzisa ilayisiyo ngokwendlela yokuchithwa ngokwahlukahlukene:

Ireland: Ifunekileyo kumsebenzi wokuzimela, neemeko ezingaphantsi ngokuya kwenyaka kunye nokulungiswa kwebhanti lekuphindaphinda ukucetyiswa

Austria: Imeko evelayo iyafakwa phakathi kuzo zonke iindlela, ngokudibanisa neempawu zo"Makade e-Europe" ukutshelela umqele wendabuko

United Kingdom: Ukulandela ukuba kuncinci ikhargo labasebenzisa abaninzi ngokusebenta amalungu, izibopheko kunye nemigaqo emithile (umzekelo, ECO4)

Germany: Ukuvelisa ubukhulu bePV yasekhaya kunye nesikolo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yemveliso, ngokuchangeka kweekanako kulingana nevume yeEU

Le policy zaseNkululeko zonke iya kubonisa ukuthanda lweziko lempilo ebongileyo, ngelixa ehlala ikhankanywa ukuchaneka kwenqanawa kunye neziko zokusebenza kwemali.