Iintsuku ezininzi ze-Europe zakhelwe ngokulandelayo ukusebenza kwezolo (Ireland, Austria, iKumkaniyo yeNgereza, neGermany)

KwiMatshi kunye neNkanga 2025, iindlela ezininzi ze-Erope zakhuselelwe imigomo yesikhuthazo kwindawo yamagama aphumeleyo asekhaya. Imigomo e Ireland kwaye Germany idli isiqhelo sasekugcineni, ngelixa Austria kunye ne UK wabelwe imithombo yokwenza abantu basebenzisa iingceke zokugcinwa kwezulu (PV) kwaye wuthuse ukuphuhliso kwezixabiso sokudlulwa.

Ireland: Ukhaya Umhlaba wamagciwane Ukucoca kabini Solar Imithombo yokugcinwa

Ummandla wokudlulwa okuyilwileyo e-Ireland (SEAI) uqhuba nokunika imithombo abasebenzi ngemva komgceni we-PV ngokusebenzisa i-Microgeneration Support Scheme. Abathengi benqanqatha (nabaphandi bekhaya) omeni khona kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ngaphambi ko-December 31, 2020, kwaye aba naye bangekho tholiwe ngaphambili ngokudlulwa kwezinye iindlela zokudlulwa kwelektrisiti, kubangelwa yinto enikwe imithombo. Inani lomthombo ligcinwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokongeza kwesistimu: €700 nganye I-kWp kwindawo zibe ngu-2 kWp, kunye ne-€200 nganye I-kWp kanye nezinye I-kWp ezingaphezulu kuka-2 kWp, anamaximum angu- €1, 800 (kuyo lwandlela we-4 kWp). Isicelo sasemaphakamini sinxibele ukuba umthombo ongeneleliyo uzokhanyiswa ku- i-€1,800 ekuthiwa kwi-2025 kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba kuphantsi ngokwelinye (ngamaxabiso angama-€300 ngonyaka), nge incamelo ibalweyo ukuqala kwi-2029. Kamva ikhankatha, abasebenzisa kufuneka dibanise ukuseta kwaye balungise ingxelo yekugcinwe ngu-8 iinyanga ukuqinisekisa ukwabelana.

Inqanawa Amagcinzelo:

• Efanayo Amaphepha

Iindlela kufuneka ziindlela zokulala ezidoliselwe kwaye zisetyenziswe aphambi kwe-2021. Iindlela zenkululeko okanye engeyendlu (umzekelo, amakhaya ephublic, amaklubhu esibhakabhaka) neyona enokuthenga isicelo.

2. Ukusiza Umbiko

0-2 kWp: €700/kWp 2-4 kWp: okungenye €200 nganye le-kWp efanayo. Ukusiza kunokuqala ngokulingana ne-PV system peak power (kWp). Umgca omaxayo wokusiza ngu-€1,800 (kwi-2025). Ukusiza kuya kuchaneka ngo €300 ngoko kwahunywe, kucetyiswa ukuba iphumelela ngo-2029.

Austria: €60 Million Umhlaba wamagciwane PV Ukusiza Umculo

I-Energy Agency ye-Austria OeMAG yacacisa inqaku yayo ye-2025 yokwendela i-PV ezingeni, enobuninzi be €60 million

(kwiBhajethi ye-Renewable Energy Expansion Act). Iindleko zokugcinwa ngokubangela ubukhulu besistimu: €160/kW yemise kumanzi 10kW (ibhajethi ephambili €5 million); €150/kW yemise 10–20kW (kwaye ibhajethi efanayo €5 million); €140/kW yemise 20–100kW (ibhajethi €15 million); kunye ne-€130/kW yemise enkulu kune 100kW (ibhajethi €15 million). Iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokugcinwa kwamanzi zasebenza, ngekuphawu kwiindawo zokugcinwa kwi-€150/kWh. Ikhompi yokuqala yaqalisa ukuze iyilungisele kwi-Apreli 24 kwaye iyaqhubeka kwi-Meyi 8. Amava amabini wokungenisa izicelo eziqinileyo zayizisa inkxaso ye-"Made in Europe": iroli yesibini iyaqinisa ukuba ngu-20% yendawo yokusebenzisa iikomponenti ezakhiweyo kwi-EU, ngebhajethi elipheleleyo le-€12 million, kunye ne-€8 million ezekelweni lokugcinwa kwiNkanga kwegologa kwi-Oktoba.

Inqanawa Amagcinzelo:

• Ukusiza Iindlela zokuhlala

≤10 kW: €160/kW (inkhowudi €5 iyikhulu) 10-20 kW: €150/kW (inkhowudi €5 iyikhulu) 20-100 kW: €140/kW (ibhajethi €15 iyikhulu) 100 kW: €130/kW (ibhajethi €15 iyikhulu) Iinkqubo zokugcinwa kwe-Energy: €150/kWh

2. Ukusetshenziswa Isikhiwo

Imva yokuqala ye-application iyavalile kwi-8 May 2025, ukunikezela 2/3 ye-bhajethi (€40 iyikhulu). Imva yesibini (2025) izakwenzeka "Made in Europe" ikhobye: iinkqubo enye ngokudityaniswa nezinto zase-Europe zafumana ukuhlolwa kwezindleko ngama-20%. Imva ethathu isiqalisa ukuqala kwi-October 2025, nobude obusekwelinye be-bhajethi besebenza €8 iyikhulu.

I-UK: Amakhobye amaninzi ukuthutha kwamandla ekugcineni kwezilithi ezingaphantsi kwe-Solar ngonyaka we-2025

Umvume wase-UK uyasesekela ukufaka iisolar panels eentloko ngokusebenzisa iimfuno ezininzi. I Inkampani ye-ECO4 (2022–2026), ithetha kwiindlela engeyona nto zempilo kunye neendlini ezithabileyo, inikeza amagrant engqesho yokulemelana nokusebenza kwezimoto, kangangoko ukufakwa kwezinto zesolar panel. Imvelaphi yokuqala i Inkampani ye-Warm Homes , ekhohliweyo ukuba yasebenze ngedlulwana le-April 2025, izakunika umthumo wokufaka iisolar panel abantu abasekhaya esemgceni, abanye nabalinge ngokwenene, kunye nabathengi. UK iqhubeka nokusebenzisa i iindlela zokuthumela kwama-VAT zenkulungelo kukufakwa kwezisolar panel kunye neqonga lokugcinwa kwezinyukelo kwiindlela zokuhlala (izakhiwa ukuba sebenza kwi-April 2022, ukuya kuye kwi-2027). Ngapandle koko, abakheli beentloko zesi-PV bangathengisa iinyukelo ezingezantsi kwiimephu zokutshintsha ngokusebenzisa i Inkampani ye-Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) , ukuwothola imali ngokuthenga kwezinyukelo.

Umoya wendlela Iindlela zokusebenza:

• Imali Usizo

ama-Ama VAT: Iingceke zokunyela nezixhobo zokugcinwa kwezixhobo zikhethekileyo, zikura imali ezingama-£2, 850 yisistimu ya-4kW. Ngenkathi Ukuthumela phandle Uguqulelo (SEG): Intlawulo yokugqibela ngonyaka ngekuba uyithumela kwiindlela ezininzi i-£80-£170.

2. Okugcinwe Amanqaku

ECO4 Incamatho (kuya Mashi 2026): Iindlela zokunyanga iisolar panel kwiindlini ezinemali encinci. Inkqubo yeNtwanano (iya kuhlala ngeApreli 2025): Iijanyelwano lokufaka kwindawo yabantu abasebenzisa indlu, abasebenzi nabantengi. Inkqubo yeNtwana Nest: Inkqubo efutshaneyo ekhuthazwa ngayo ukuchulelwa kwezimoto zokusebenza kwendlu (kuxandekileyo isolar).

3. Emandeni Amatshiliso

Khubela izindleke zokufaka ngokunikezela amagatsha ukuvelisa ukusebenzisa imirhumo yesicelo.

Germany: Umhlaba wamagciwane Solar Ukubhaza Ivelwe ngokutsha

Ummandla wokusebenza kwegereyimende yeFederal (BNetzA) ivele isixa esisha seentando zokufaka amapipi aphakathi, enobungakanani obuphakathi be-263. 236 MW. Ngokwaleyo leyo Rhoqo Lokuquka Kwamanziyo Ekuhliseni, iiprojekthi eziphawuleyo kufuneka zenze ubukhulu obukudinga kwaye bube ngu-1 MW okanye phezulu. Le nto iyasebenzisa iformathu ye "namba yemvume", inanikwa ukuba inani eliphezulu lomlingo uyavumela ngu-€0. 104/kWh. Iindlela zokusebenza kwamanziyo ezilula (Solarpaket) zikhangelwa ngokuqinisekiswa kwi-parlement. Ngenxa yokuba iindlela zokusebenza ziphumelelwa ngokugqitywe, kuthiwa umthengi wamapipi aphakathi waGermany uya kujonga ukunyuka kakhulu.

Inqanawa Amagcinzelo:

• Ukubhaza Isandla semitha

Ubungakanani besixa sokuqala ngoku ngu-282.7 MW. Ukuba i-Solar Package I" ibhalwe ngu-UE, ubungakanani bokuxubha kuyo ntando ngonyaka we-2025 uya kuya kwi-1.8 GW (ngaphandle kokuba yahliswe ngu-1.1 GW).

Ukuba ayiphunyeke nguye UE, ubungakanani bokuxubha kuyo ntando ngonyaka buya kuhlala ngu-282.7 MW.

2. Iphrojekthi Izicwangciso

Ubukhulu obuncinci ngu-1001 kW (kuthetha ukuba kube ngu-751 kW, kuyalinda ukuphunyeke kwe-UE). Inani lokuligama kwayo ngu-€0.104/kWh.

3. Isiqwalaselo Xesibhedlelo

Iindlela zokubonga kwiyaPhreli 2, 2025 (ngokuqala kwiyaPhreli 1, yenziwe kabangela ngelixa yonke). Imveliso yesiGxitha yabekwe imisebenzi engama-143 (ukongeza kwamanzi 317 MW).

Inqanawa IBHESI:

Umthwalo ocula ukuthuthukisa ukunyuselwa kwePV yasekhaya kunye nesikolo, kodwa kufuneka ungenelelwe ngemigwalana yeEU.

Ingciko

Ngonyaka we2025, iindlela ezininzi ezeniMpuma ngeliBhontsha liyawaleka ukusebenzisa ilayisiyo ngokwendlela yokuchithwa ngokwahlukahlukene:

Ireland: Ifunekileyo kumsebenzi wokuzimela, neemeko ezingaphantsi ngokuya kwenyaka kunye nokulungiswa kwebhanti lekuphindaphinda ukucetyiswa

Austria: Imeko evelayo iyafakwa phakathi kuzo zonke iindlela, ngokudibanisa neempawu zo"Makade e-Europe" ukutshelela umqele wendabuko

United Kingdom: Ukulandela ukuba kuncinci ikhargo labasebenzisa abaninzi ngokusebenta amalungu, izibopheko kunye nemigaqo emithile (umzekelo, ECO4)

Germany: Ukuvelisa ubukhulu bePV yasekhaya kunye nesikolo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yemveliso, ngokuchangeka kweekanako kulingana nevume yeEU

Le policy zaseNkululeko zonke iya kubonisa ukuthanda lweziko lempilo ebongileyo, ngelixa ehlala ikhankanywa ukuchaneka kwenqanawa kunye neziko zokusebenza kwemali.